Atherosclerosis is a progressive cardiovascular condition characterized by the buildup of plaques in the arterial walls. This chronic disease can lead to significant health issues, including heart attacks, strokes, and peripheral artery disease. Dr. Md. Farhan Shikoh, MBBS, MD (Medicine), DM (Cardiology), widely recognized as the Best Heart Doctor in Ranchi, provides a comprehensive overview of atherosclerosis to help patients better understand this serious condition.

What is Atherosclerosis?

Atherosclerosis occurs when fatty deposits, cholesterol, and other substances accumulate on the inner walls of arteries. This buildup, known as plaque, narrows and hardens the arteries, restricting blood flow. Over time, the reduced blood flow can lead to severe complications, including ischemia (inadequate blood supply to organs) and tissue damage.

Causes and Risk Factors

Several factors contribute to the development of atherosclerosis. These include:

1. High Cholesterol Levels: Elevated levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, often referred to as "bad" cholesterol, are a primary contributor to plaque formation. Conversely, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, known as "good" cholesterol, helps remove LDL cholesterol from the bloodstream.

2. High Blood Pressure: Persistent hypertension can damage the arterial walls, making them more susceptible to plaque buildup.

3. Smoking: Tobacco use accelerates the development of atherosclerosis by damaging blood vessel linings and promoting plaque formation.

4. Diabetes: High blood sugar levels contribute to the development of atherosclerosis by increasing the risk of arterial damage.

5. Sedentary Lifestyle: Lack of physical activity is associated with higher cholesterol levels, obesity, and hypertension, all of which contribute to atherosclerosis.

6. Genetics: A family history of cardiovascular disease can increase the risk of developing atherosclerosis.

Symptoms and Complications

Atherosclerosis may progress silently without noticeable symptoms. However, when it significantly impairs blood flow, symptoms may include:

• Chest Pain (Angina): This occurs when the heart muscle does not receive enough oxygen-rich blood.
• Shortness of Breath: Reduced blood flow to the heart can lead to difficulty breathing.
• Stroke: Atherosclerosis in the brain’s arteries can result in a stroke, characterized by sudden numbness, confusion, and difficulty speaking.
• Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD): Plaque buildup in the arteries of the legs can cause pain and cramping during physical activity.

Diagnosis and Treatment

Dr. Md. Farhan Shikoh, renowned as the Best Heart Doctor in Ranchi, emphasizes the importance of early detection and management of atherosclerosis. Diagnostic methods may include:

• Blood Tests: To check cholesterol levels and other markers.
• Imaging Tests: Such as ultrasound, CT scans, or MRIs, to visualize plaque buildup.
• Angiography: A procedure involving dye and X-rays to examine blood vessels.

Treatment strategies focus on managing risk factors and slowing disease progression. Key approaches include:

1. Lifestyle Modifications: Adopting a heart-healthy diet, regular exercise, and quitting smoking can significantly reduce the risk of atherosclerosis.

2. Medications: Statins and other drugs may be prescribed to lower cholesterol levels and manage blood pressure.

3. Procedures: In severe cases, procedures such as angioplasty or stent placement may be necessary to restore proper blood flow.

Conclusion

Atherosclerosis is a serious condition that requires proactive management to prevent severe complications. Dr. Md. Farhan Shikoh, recognized as the Best Heart Doctor in Ranchi, offers valuable insights and treatment options for individuals affected by this condition. For consultations, you can reach Dr. Shikoh at Sukoon Heart Care, Sainik Market, Main Road, Ranchi, Jharkhand: 834001. Call 6200784486 or visit drfarhancardiologist.com for more information.